Bernard Enjolras holds a diploma from the Institute of Political Studies in Paris (Sciences-Po), a Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Paris I Sorbonne (France) and a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Québec in Montreal (Canada). He is a Research Director at the Institute for Social Research (Oslo, Norway). His fields of research are civil society, voluntary organizations, public policies, governance, and social media and the public sphere.